Collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
It’s 1895 and Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, has designed and arranged this cabinet for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute and other public health associations.
Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute, passed the examination, and went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. What were her career prospects? She worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.
It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using this or a similar cabinet, so what’s inside? It has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.
Similar exhibits were found in the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. What was its role? It aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.
Soil stack vent and pipe, marked 121E. Maroon in colour. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, from cabinet consisting. This model is intended to prevent the back flow of smells from the mains sewer coming into the home – it was sometimes known as the ‘stench pipe’.
Sectioned toilet bowl with lever valve and U-bend, marked 57. Yellow and white. Part of collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Model of burnt orange and beige wooden structure with metal circular grate with detachable front cover. Sticker marked 43. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet.
Model of green chimney like structure, made of metal. Marked in pencil with 24. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet.
Wooden and metal model of sink and drainage system. Brown, grey, white and black. Sticker marked 58. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Model of a green chimney like structure, that resembles a pencil. Khaki green. Sticker marked 28. Part of collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Metal beige model of a curved pipe. Sticker marked 104. Part of collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Green and brass coloured Metal model of vent or chimney like structure, with a flap behind the grate. Sticker marked 6. Khaki green and brass. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Beige ceramid model of a funnel, tube coming out at an angle. Sticker marked 57. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Cream coloured metal model of pipe with skirting, maroon coloured back, and three diamond shaped holes. Sticker marked 23. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Grey metal square model, possibly end of pipe with a flap on hinges. Pencil mark 124. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Red metal model smokebox with label, Two rubber tubes coming off of the object one from top and one from base. Top has a metal and wooden end, and the base is red rubber. Text reads: 'Smokebox: connect to apparatus to opening a in model 121 and then place an ignited smoke ball in the box, and drive smoke into the model by aid of bellows attached to smokebox see notes on drain ventilation in instru...
Metal Model of light green and khaki green vent-like structure with two plastic flaps. Pencil marked 21. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Metal model of a cross section of a toilet, yellow and cream,. Sticker marked 541. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Metal model of a cream pipe in the shape of a lowercase 'r'. Sticker marked 107 (crossed out in pencil to say 108). Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Metal model of a chimney like structure, khaki green. Sticker marked 25A. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Metal model of a cross section of pipe resembling watering can, black. Sticker marked 46. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Yellow metal model of pipe with square funnel-like top. Sticker marked 45. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Yellow / cream model of a cross-section of a pipe split into three. Sticker marked 114. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Model of metal chimney, purple, green and grey. Rectangular shape. Sticker marked 1. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Piece of cardboard with the words ventilating cornice. Pencil marked 23. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Metal model of a chimney with a spike on top. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Green metal model of a chimney like structure. Sticker marked 256. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Metal model of a structure resembling a spinning top, grey. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Metal and wooden model of a structure with moving metal element. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Yellowy beige model of a long hopper. Sticker marked 50. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Yellow model of a cross section of a pipe. Sticker marked 101. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Yellow model of a cross section of a pipe. Cream on the inside. Sticker labelled 112. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Cream model of a cross section of a cistern. Sticker marked 44. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Model of a cross section of a pipe, lower case r shaped. Yellow and cream. Sticker marked 115. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Khaki green model of a funnel-like pipe. Sticker marked 41. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Wood and metal, appears to be a block of wood with a pipe through it. Sticker marked 122. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Cream metal model of a pipe. Paper sticker with ink that says 108, crossed out in pencil and says 105. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Yellow metal model of a cross section of a toilet. Cream on the inside. Sticker marked 55. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Cream metal model of a cross section of a pipe. Sticker marked 113. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Cream metal cross section of connected pipes. Sticker marked 109. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Yellow metal model of a cross section of pipes feeding into a cistern. Sticker marked 48. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Beige metal model of a pipe with another pipe coming out of it. Sticker with ink 106, crossed out in pencil 107. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Beige metal model of a curved pipe. Sticker marked 103. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Square model with a hole in it. Sticker marker 123. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
yellow metal model of cross section of s shaped pipe, Sticker marked 49. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Metal model of a straight pipe, beige. Sticker 102. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Grey metal model of cross section of pipe going into a cistern. Sticker marked 47. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Grey metal model of a s shaped pipe with a small brass coloured cyclinder at the bottom. Sticker 42. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Cream metal model of a pipe with another pipe sticking out of it. Sticker 105 in ink, crossed out in pencil 106. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Yellow metal model of a cross section of pipe. Sticker marked 111. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Metal model of a cross section of a vent, black. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Yellow metal model of a cross section of a pipe. Sticker marked 110. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Brass coloured metal model of concave circle with half on top. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Bronze coloured metal of a grate with 6 slits. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Green and grey metal model of a vent. Sticker marked 22. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Black metal model of a cross sction of a bucket. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Green metal model of a chimney like structure, the top bit has broken off. Sticker marked 25. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Black wooden block with hole in the end. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Cream model with three cone shoped holes. Sticker marked 3. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Wooden model with 8 engraved lines on the base and 2 holes on the top and 2 holes on the sides. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Wooden model of a vent with metal mesh. Sticker marked 5. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Wooden black, slanted recatangle shape (paralellogram). Sticker marked 4. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Khaki green metal model with two opening doors. Sticker marked 2. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Wooden model that looks like a bottle stop, base made of cork. Part of collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Khaki green metal circle, possibly broken off another part. Part of a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet
Wooden chest with two metal hooks, handles, hinges, pink cardboard insert in the lid it says south kensington lecture cabinets occulis subjecta fidelibus hygiene cabinet apparatus and models of sanitary appliances for teaching the general principles and practically demonstrating lectures on hygiene and sanitary science, designed and arranged by Charles Campbell, MEM.SAN.INST
Wooden tray with two leather handles and faded pink card insert. Part of a cabinet containing a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene.
Wooden tray with three compartments with faded pink lining. Part of a cabinet containing a collection of small models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene.
Model of a section of a toilet bowl with U-bend, marked no.56. Yellow and white. Part of a collection of models of sanitary appliances, to be used for instruction in hygiene, in cabinet