1858 - studied medicine at the University of St. Petersburg

1859-1864 - an assistant to the famous ophthalmologist Louis-Auguste Desmarres (1810-1882).

1867 - opened private ophthalmologic clinic rue Dauphine, in Paris, France;

1872 - created the Journal d'Ophtalmologie (later the Recueil d'Ophtalmologie), the first French Monthly review